Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
1. Depressed Mood
2. Feelings of Guilt
3. Suicide
4. Insomnia - Early
5. Insomnia - Middle
6. Insomnia - Late
7. Work and Activities
8. Retardation
9. Agitation
10. Anxiety - Psychic
11. Anxiety - Somatic
12. Gastrointestinal Somatic Symptoms
13. General Somatic Symptoms
14. Genital Symptoms
15. Hypochondriasis
16. Insight
17. Weight Loss
Score:
Stratifies severity of depression, similar to PHQ-9 .

Why Use

Utilizing standardized tools facilitates measurement-based care for depression, which can improve treatment outcomes.

When to Use

Useful in initial clinical assessments to quantify the severity of depression. Can be employed throughout the treatment process to monitor changes and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Formula

Addition of the selected points: Variable Points Depressed mood (gloomy attitude, pessimism about the future, feeling of sadness, tendency to weep) Absent 0 Sadness 1 Occasional weeping 2 Frequent weeping 3 Extreme symptoms 4 Feelings of guilt Absent 0 Self-reproach, feels he/she has let people down 1 Ideas of guilt 2 Present illness is a punishment; delusions of guilt 3 Hallucinations of guilt 4 Suicide Absent 0 Feels life is not worth living 1 Wishes he/she were dead 2 Suicidal ideas or gestures 3 Attempts at suicide 4 Initial insomnia (difficulty falling asleep) Absent 0 Occasional 1 Frequent 2 Insomnia during the night (restless, disturbed, waking at night) Absent 0 Occasional 1 Frequent 2 Delayed insomnia (waking in early hours of the morning and unable to fall asleep again) Absent 0 Occasional 1 Frequent 2 Work and interests No difficulty 0 Feelings of incapacity, listlessness, indecision and vacillation 1 Loss of interest in hobbies, decreased social activities 2 Productivity decreased 3 Unable to work, stopped working because of present illness only (absence from work after treatment or recovery may rate a lower score) 4 Retardation (slowness of thought, speech, and activity; apathy; stupor) Absent 0 Slight retardation at interview 1 Obvious retardation at interview 2 Interview difficult 3 Complete stupor 4 Agitation (restlessness associated with anxiety) Absent 0 Mild 1 Severe 2 Psychiatric anxiety Absent 0 Tension and irritability 1 Worrying about minor matters 2 Apprehensive attitude 3 Fears 4 Somatic anxiety (gastrointestinal, indigestion, cardiovascular, palpitations, headaches, respiratory, genitourinary, etc.) Absent 0 Mild 1 Moderate 2 Severe 3 Incapacitating 4 Gastrointestinal somatic symptoms (loss of appetite, heavy feeling in abdomen, constipation) Absent 0 Mild 1 Severe 2 General somatic symptoms (heaviness in limbs, back or head; diffuse backache; loss of energy, fatigability) Absent 0 Mild 1 Severe 2 Genital symptoms (loss of libido, menstrual disturbances) Absent 0 Mild 1 Severe 2 Hypochondriasis Not present 0 Bodily self-absorption 1 Preoccupation with health 2 Querulous attitude 3 Hypochondriacal delusions 4 Weight loss None 0 Slight 1 Obvious or severe 2 Insight (interpret in context of patient’s understanding and background) No loss 0 Partial or doubtful loss 1 Loss of insight 2

Pearls / Pitfalls

Originally designed for adults. Not intended as a diagnostic instrument but used for monitoring patients already diagnosed with depression. Has been criticized for emphasizing certain symptoms of depression over others, which may skew perceptions of treatment effectiveness.

Advice

Higher scores indicate more severe depression and may warrant more aggressive treatment. A response to treatment is typically defined by studies as a score decrease of >50%. Remission is commonly defined to be a score ≤7. Based on changes in HAM-D scores over time, adjust treatments (e.g., medications, psychotherapy) to optimize outcomes. If scores do not improve as expected, consider revising the treatment plan or conducting additional diagnostic evaluations to rule out other underlying conditions. Depression evaluations and management require clinical judgment; scores should be interpreted in the context of a comprehensive clinical assessment.

More Information

Interpretation: HAM-D Score Grade 0-7 Normal 8-13 Mild depression 14-18 Moderate depression 19-22 Severe depression ≥23 Very severe depression

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