Radiology References

Imaging atlases, normal values, and reporting templates.

302 references · Page 1 of 11

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Normal Abdominal Lymph Node Size on CT and MRI
Reference guide for normal abdominal lymph node size thresholds by location on CT and MRI, including porta hepatis, paraaortic, and mesenteric stations.
Normal Acetabular Angle Size in Boys: X-Ray & CT
Normal acetabular angle values in boys from newborn to age 2, measured on anteroposterior radiography, with clinical thresholds for developmental dysplasia.
Normal Acetabular Angle Size in Girls: Radiography & CT
Normal acetabular angle values in girls from newborn to age 2, measured on AP radiography, with clinical thresholds for developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Normal Achilles Tendon Width Size on Radiography, Ultrasound, CT & MRI
Normal Achilles tendon width measures 4–9 mm on lateral imaging; values outside this range suggest tendinopathy, partial tear, or rupture.
Normal Acromioclavicular Joint Space Size on Radiography
Normal acromioclavicular joint space measures less than 2–4 mm side-to-side difference on AP radiography, aiding detection of AC joint injury.
Normal Acromiohumeral Distance Size on Radiography
Learn the normal acromiohumeral distance on AP shoulder radiography and how values below 7 mm indicate rotator cuff pathology.
Normal Acromiohumeral Distance Size on Radiography
Normal acromiohumeral distance on AP shoulder radiography measures 7–11 mm; values below 7 mm suggest rotator cuff pathology.
Normal Adenoid Size on Radiography: Key Measurements
Learn the normal adenoid maximal size on lateral radiography, clinical significance of enlargement, and measurement technique in pediatric imaging.
Normal Adrenal Gland Arm Thickness Size on CT and MRI
Normal adrenal gland arm thickness measures less than 3 mm on CT and MRI; values above this threshold raise concern for adrenal pathology.
Normal Amniotic Fluid Index Size on Ultrasound
Learn the ultrasound threshold for polyhydramnios: an amniotic fluid index (AFI) greater than 25 cm defines abnormal amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.
Normal Amniotic Fluid Index Size on Ultrasound >24 Weeks
Learn the normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) threshold on ultrasound after 24 weeks and the clinical significance of AFI below 5 cm.
Normal Anterior Drawer Sign Size on Radiography
Learn the normal threshold for the anterior drawer sign on lateral ankle radiography, its clinical significance, and measurement technique for ATFL instability.
Normal Anterior Junction Line Thickness on Radiography
The normal anterior junction line on PA chest radiography measures less than 1 mm; thickening or displacement suggests mediastinal pathology.
Normal Anterior Pituitary Size on CT and MRI
Normal anterior pituitary anteroposterior diameter varies by age and physiologic state, ranging from <6 mm in children to <12 mm in pregnancy on MRI and CT.
Normal Aortic Diameter Size on Ultrasound, CT & MRI
Reference guide to normal aortic diameter measurements by segment on ultrasound, CT, and MRI, based on EAE clinical practice recommendations.
Normal Aortic Nipple Diameter on Chest Radiography
Normal aortic nipple maximal diameter is less than 4.5 mm on PA chest radiography; larger measurements may indicate venous or vascular pathology.
Normal Appendix Wall Thickness on Ultrasound, CT & MRI
Normal vermiform appendix wall thickness measures less than 3 mm on ultrasound, CT, and MRI — a key threshold for excluding appendicitis.
Normal Aryepiglottic Fold Thickness on Radiography
Normal maximal aryepiglottic fold thickness on lateral radiography is 7 mm — a key measurement for diagnosing epiglottitis and supraglottic airway pathology.
Normal Atlanto-Temporomandibular Index Size on Radiography, CT, MRI
The atlanto-temporomandibular index normal value exceeds 22 mm on lateral imaging, serving as a key marker for craniocervical instability assessment.
Normal Azygos Vein Arch Size on Chest Radiography
Normal azygos vein arch diameter is less than 7 mm on posteroanterior chest radiography, with enlargement indicating cardiovascular or systemic disease.
Normal Azygos Vein Arch Size on Radiography in Children
Reference values for normal azygos vein arch diameter on chest radiography in children aged 0–14 years, with clinical significance and measurement technique.

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Normal Bernageau Length Size on Radiography
Normal Bernageau length ranges from -6 to +6 mm on lateral knee radiography, a key measurement for assessing patellar height and patellofemoral alignment.
Normal Blackburne-Peel Index Size on Radiography
The normal Blackburne-Peel Index on lateral knee radiography ranges from 0.5 to 1.0, serving as a key measure of patellar height.
Normal Bladder Wall Thickness on Ultrasound, MRI & CT
Normal bladder wall thickness is <3 mm when distended and <5 mm when non-distended on ultrasound, MRI, and CT imaging.
Normal Böhler's Angle Size on Radiography and CT
Normal Böhler's angle measures 25–40° on lateral radiography and CT, serving as a key indicator of calcaneal fracture depression and alignment.
Normal Boogaard's Angle Size on X-ray, CT & MRI
Normal Boogaard's angle measures less than 135° on lateral imaging; values at or above this threshold suggest basilar invagination or platybasia.
Normal Bouman's Index No 1 Size on Radiography
Normal Bouman's Index No 1 ranges from 0.83–0.91 on posteroanterior radiography, serving as a key measure of ulnar carpal translation.
Normal Bouman's Index No 2 Carpal Height on Radiography
Normal Bouman's Index No 2 for carpal height on posteroanterior radiography ranges from 0.62 to 0.66, a key ratio for assessing wrist collapse.
Normal Bronchus Intermedius Posterior Wall Thickness on Radiography
Normal bronchus intermedius posterior wall thickness on lateral chest radiography is less than 3 mm — a key landmark for detecting mediastinal and pulmonary pathology.
Normal Bull's Angle Size on X-ray, CT & MRI
Normal Bull's angle of the cervical spine measures less than 13° on lateral radiography, CT, and MRI, serving as a key indicator of atlantoaxial instability.